Battle of Umrah Al-Qada
The Umrah Al-Qada was named so because the Quraysh, specifically its leaders, acted as judges during this Umrah. It is not named after "Requital" due to the postponement of Umrah but because it was a complete and uninterrupted Umrah. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) performed four Umrahs during his blessed lifetime:
Umrah Al-Hudaybiyyah, Umrah Al-Qada, Umrah Al-Ji'ranah, and the fourth one during his Farewell Pilgrimage. Before this Umrah, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had a vision in which he saw himself and his companions entering the Masjid al-Haram in a state of Ihram (pilgrim's dress), shaving their heads and feeling secure. This vision was confirmed by Allah in the Quran, as stated in Surah Al-Fath, Verse 27.
Reasons for Naming it Umrah Al-Qada
Ibn Hajar, in his book Fath al-Bari, mentions that Umrah Al-Qada was named so because the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) acted as a judge during this Umrah regarding the issues involving the Quraysh.
It was not named after "requital" because the original Umrah was interrupted, but it was a complete Umrah. This is why the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is counted to have performed four Umrahs.
Objectives of Umrah Al-Qada
One of the objectives of this Umrah was to confirm the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) vision regarding the Muslims' entry into Mecca for the first time. The Muslims initially thought that the vision pertained to the Day of Hudaybiyyah. However, when they did not enter Mecca at that time, it was agreed that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his companions would return to Mecca in the following year to perform Umrah.
Allah revealed an Ayah indicating that what they had done, referring to the treaty, was a precursor to a near victory. This is mentioned in Surah Al-Fath, Verse 27.
When Umrah Al-Qada Took Place
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) headed towards Mecca to perform Umrah Al-Qada as per the agreement with the Quraysh after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. It was in the month of Dhul-Qi'dah in the seventh year after the Hijrah, as agreed upon by Ibn Ishaq and Musa bin 'Uqba.
Events of Umrah Al-Qada
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) embarked on his journey to Mecca for Umrah, following the agreement with the Quraysh after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. They had agreed that the Muslims would return the next year to perform Umrah. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the Muslims arrived in Mecca in Dhul-Qi'dah, they agreed not to enter Mecca with weapons and to leave their weapons sheathed. They also agreed that none of the Quraysh would be forced to return to their tribe against their will. They also agreed not to stay in Mecca for more than three days.
The Muslims went to perform the Tawaf (circumambulation) of the Kaaba, while the Quraysh gathered on Mount Qu'ayq'an. The Quraysh spread rumors that the Muslims were weak and wouldn't be able to perform Tawaf and other rituals. The Prophet (peace be upon him) ordered the Muslims to perform the Tawaf and Sa'i (ritual walking between Safa and Marwah) quickly. After the agreed-upon time passed, the Quraysh came to Ali ibn Abi Talib and told him to inform the Prophet (peace be upon him) to leave. The Prophet (peace be upon him) did so, and Ali carried the Prophet's daughter, Fatimah, on his shoulder, which led to a dispute among some of the Companions.
Result of Umrah Al-Qada
The result of this Umrah was the confirmation of the Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) vision, and it marked the Muslims' entry into Mecca for the first time since the Hijrah. This Umrah also prepared the ground for the opening of Mecca, as the Muslims closely observed the behavior and strength of the Quraysh.
